Israeli forces have continued with systematic attacks against Palestinian civilians and their property in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) for the reporting period of 28 May- 03 June 2015.Israeli attacks in the West Bank & Gaza:
Shootings
During the reporting period, a Palestinian civilian died of wounds he sustained during the latest Israeli offensive on the Gaza Strip. Israeli forces continued to use force against Palestinian civilians participating in peaceful protests in the oPt and against fishers sailing within the allowed area. Moreover, they continued to open fire at farmers and agricultural lands in border areas along the Gaza Strip. During the reporting period, Israeli forces wounded 7 Palestinian civilians, including a child, 4 of whom were wounded in the West Bank and the other 3 ones, including 2 fishers and a farmer, were wounded in the Gaza Strip.
In the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian medical source declared on 28 May 2015 Sa’id al-Nadi (55,) from Jabalia in the north of the Gaza Strip, died of wounds he sustained during the latest Israeli offensive on the Gaza Strip.
On 01 June 2015, 2 Palestinian fishers were wounded when Israeli gunboats opened fire at Palestinian fishing boats sailing within 4 nautical miles off northern Gaza City. As a result, two fishers were wounded.
On 03 June 2015, a Palestinian farmer was wounded when Israeli forces stationed along the border fence opened fire at a group of farmers, who were reaping wheat in the east of Khuza’a village, east of Khan Yunis in the south of the Gaza Strip.
In the context of targeting fishers, in addition to the abovementioned attack on fishermen, Israeli navy forces opened fire thrice at fishermen sailing in the allowed area. They arrested 5 fishers, including a child, but released 4 of them later. Moreover, Israeli forces seized 2 fishing boats that were sailing off Deir al-Balah shore, in the central Gaza Strip.
In the context of targeting border areas, in addition to the abovementioned attack on farmers, Israeli forces stationed along the border fence opened sporadic fire twice at border areas, south of the Gaza Strip, but neither casualties nor material damage were reported.
In the West Bank, Israeli forces continued the use of excessive and systematic force against peaceful protests organized by Palestinian civilians and Israeli and international solidarity activists against the construction of the annexation wall and settlement activities in the West Bank. As a result, 4 protestors, including a child, were wounded.
Incursions
During the reporting period, Israeli forces conducted at least 64 military incursions into Palestinian communities in the West Bank and 7 ones in East Jerusalem. During these incursions, Israeli forces arrested at least 61 Palestinians, including 14 children. Twenty-one of these Palestinians, including 3 children, were arrested in East Jerusalem.
Among the arrested was Ahmed Khdair (34), a journalist and activist at the International Solidarity Movement, who was arrested from his house in Nablus, and Khaled Saleh Hussein Abu Zaina (55), who was arrested from his house in Jenin refugee camp too. Furthermore, Israeli forces arrested 3 leaders of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in Tulkram and Qalqilya.
In the Gaza Strip, on 03 June 2015, Israeli forces conducted a limited incursion in the east of al-Shouka village, east of Rafah in the south of the Gaza Strip. They levelled lands along the border fence.
Restrictions on movement
Israel continued to impose a tight closure of the oPt, imposing severe restrictions on the movement of Palestinian civilians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem.
The illegal closure of the Gaza Strip, which has been steadily tightened since June 2007 has had a disastrous impact on the humanitarian and economic situation in the Gaza Strip. The Israeli authorities impose measures to undermine the freedom of trade, including the basic needs for the Gaza Strip population and the agricultural and industrial products to be exported. For 8 consecutive years, Israel has tightened the land and naval closure to isolate the Gaza Strip from the West Bank, including occupied Jerusalem, and other countries around the world. This resulted in grave violations of the economic, social and cultural rights and a deterioration of living conditions for 1.8 million people. The Israeli authorities have established Karm Abu Salem (Kerem Shaloum) as the sole crossing for imports and exports in order to exercise its control over the Gaza Strip’s economy. They also aim at imposing a complete ban on the Gaza Strip’s exports. The Israeli closure raised the rate of poverty to 38.8%, 21.1% of which suffer from extreme poverty. Moreover, the rate of unemployment increased up to 44%, which reflects the unprecedented economic deterioration in the Gaza Strip.
Efforts to create a Jewish majority:
On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, bulldozers of the Israeli municipality in East Jerusalem demolished 2 under-construction houses in Wadi Helwa neighbourhood in Silwan village, south of the old city, under the pretext of non-licensing.
On the same day, Israeli municipality demolished parts of a house belonging to the family of Rafiq Ahmed al-Salayma on Saladin Street in East Jerusalem, under the pretext of non-licensing.
On 29 May 2015, Israeli police officers beat and arrested 3 members of Moheisen family for no reason. The 3 civilians were attacked while being in a vehicle at the entrance of al-Esawiya village, north of East Jerusalem.
Settlement activities:
Israel has continued its settlement activities in the oPt, a direct violation of international humanitarian law, and Israeli settlers have continued to attack Palestinian civilians and property.
On 28 May 2015, Israeli forces closed the entrance of a room on the underground floor of the Ibrahimi Mosque in the center of Hebron for ‘security reasons’. They changed the door’s lock and refused to give its key to mosque servants.
On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, Israeli forces moved into Rummana village, northwest of Jenin. They deployed in Palestinian farmlands and informed farmers they had an order to bridge an artesian well and 2 agricultural rooms under the pretext they were not licensed. An Israeli bulldozer demolished the well and rooms and no more incidents were reported.
Settler attacks
On Sunday midnight, 31 May 2015, a number of settlers threw stones at a house in Tal al-Rumaida neighbourhood in Hebron. They also set fire around the house, as a result, some stuffs belonging to family were burnt, but no casualties were reported.
On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, a settler in a mini truck threw stones at a Palestinian civilian vehicle. As a result, the windshield was broken and the back of the car sustained damage.
Use of excessive force against peaceful demonstrations protesting settlement activities and the construction of the annexation wall:
During the reporting period, Israeli soldiers used excessive force against peaceful demonstrations organized by Palestinian civilians, international and Israeli human rights defenders in protest at the construction of the annexation wall and settlement activities in the West Bank. As a result, 4 civilians, including a child, were wounded.
(PCHR keeps the names of the wounded in fear of being arrested by the Israeli forces within its policy to oppress the peaceful protests and prevent Palestinian civilians from participating).
Demonstrations against the construction of the annexation wall and settlement activity
Following the Friday prayer, on 29 May 2015, dozens of Palestinian civilians and international and Israeli human rights defenders organized a peaceful demonstration in Bil’in, west of Ramallah, in protest at the construction of the annexation wall and settlement activities. The protestors marched by the annexation wall and tried to cross the fence. Israeli soldiers stationed behind the wall, in the western area, and a large number of soldiers deployed along it, fired live bullets, tear gas canisters, rubber-coated metal bullets, sound bombs and wastewater at them and chased them into the olive fields. As a result, a number of protestors suffered tear gas inhalation and others sustained bruises as they were beat up.
Around the same time, dozens of Palestinian civilians organised a peaceful demonstration in the centre of Ni’lin village, west of Ramallah, in protest at the construction of the annexation wall and settlement activities. The demonstrators took the streets and headed to the annexation wall. Israeli forces closed the gates of the wall with barbwires and prevented the demonstrators from crossing to the land behind it before they responded by throwing stones. Israeli soldiers fired live ammunition, rubber-coated metal bullets, sound bombs and tear gas canisters at the civilians, and chased them into the village. As a result, a number of protestors suffered tear gas inhalation and others sustained bruises as they were beat up by Israeli soldiers.
Also following the Friday prayer, dozens of Palestinian civilians and Israeli and international human rights defenders gathered in the center of al-Nabi Saleh village, northwest of Ramallah, to start the weekly peaceful protest against the construction of the annexation wall and settlement activities. They made their way towards Palestinian lands that Israeli settlers from the nearby ‘Halmish’ settlement are trying to seize. Israeli soldiers closed all the village’s entrances to prevent the Palestinian and international solidarity activists and journalists from participating in the protest. As a result, a number of protestors suffered tear gas inhalation and others sustained bruises as they beat up by Israeli soldiers.
Also following the Friday prayer, there was the weekly protest against the closure of the eastern entrance of Kufor Qaddoum village, which was closed by Israeli forces since the Intifada. Once the protestors approached the closed entrance, Israeli forces fired rubber-coated metal bullets, tear gas canisters and sound bombs. They also sprayed skunk water other the protestors. However, no direct casualties were reported.
Other demonstrations
On Thursday, 28 May 2015, dozens of Palestinians gathered at the southern entrance of al-Jalazonerefugee camp, north of Ramallah. They were about 300 meters away from the fence of ‘Beit Eil’ settlement. Israeli forces stationed in the area fired live ammunition, rubber-coated metal bullets, sound bombs and tear gas canisters. As a result, a number of protestors suffered tear gas inhalation and others sustained bruises as they were beat up.
Following the Friday prayer, on 29 May 2015, dozens of Palestinians gathered at the southern entrance of al-Jalazonerefugee camp, north of Ramallah. They were about 300 meters away from the fence of ‘Beit Eil’ settlement. Israeli forces stationed in the area fired live ammunition, rubber-coated metal bullets, sound bombs and tear gas canisters. As a result, a number of protestors suffered tear gas inhalation and others sustained bruises as they were beat up.
Also ffollowing the Friday prayer, dozens of Palestinians gathered at the western entrance of the Silwad village, northeast of Ramallah, on the road between Silwad and Yabroud villages, near Bypass road (60), in protest at the Israeli policies. The protestors set fire to tires and threw stones and Molotov Cocktails at the aforementioned road and Israeli soldiers. In response, Israeli soldiers stationed in the area fired live ammunition, rubber-coated bullets, sound bombs and tear gas canisters at the protestors. As a result, 2 civilians were wounded and then taken to Palestine Medical Compound in Ramallah to receive medical treatment. A 24-year-old civilian sustained a bullet wound to the right leg and another 24-year-old civilian sustained a bullet wound to the left leg.
Also ffollowing the Friday prayer, dozens of youngsters gathered from different areas of Ramallah and al-Bireh in the vicinity of Ofer detention facility, southwest of Ramallah, to protest at Israeli policies. They headed towards the facility’s gate that was closed by Israeli soldiers. They set fire to tires and threw stones and empty bottles at the soldiers. Israeli forces deployed around the detention facility and started firing live and rubber-coated metal bullets, sound bombs and tear gas canisters. As a result, 2 civilians sustained wounds and were taken to Palestine Medical Compound in Ramallah. A 15-year-old child sustained a bullet wound to the right thigh and a 20-year-old child sustained a bullet wound to the left thigh.
At approximately 10:00 on Saturday, 30 May 2015, a number of activists from the Popular Committees against Annexation Wall and Settlement Activities and other human rights activists organized a protest in fron of ‘Beit Bracha’ building, adjacent to bypass road (60) between al-Aroub refugee camp and Beit Ommar village, north of Hebron, because Israeli forces fixed a security fence and surveillance cameras around the building and its vicinity and declared it as part of ‘Gosh Etzion’ settlement. Israeli officers and police officers surrounded the place, prevented the participants from approaching the main gate and attacked them. The protestors refused to leave. Israeli forces fired sound bombs at them and arrested Yusef Abdul Hamid Abu Maria (44) and 3 international activists. It should be noted that Israeli media reported earlier that settlers rebuilt the building in order to establish ‘Beit Bracha’ settlement. The building and other buildings are under the supervision of Beit Ommar municipality.
Continued closure of the oPt:
Israel continued to impose a tight closure on the oPt, imposing severe restrictions on the movement of Palestinian civilians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem.
Gaza Strip
Israeli forces continuously tighten the closure of the Gaza Strip and close all commercial crossings, making the Karm Abu Salem crossing the sole commercial crossing of the Gaza Strip, although it is not suitable for commercial purposes in terms of its operational capacity and distance from markets.
Israeli forces have continued to apply the policy, which is aimed to tighten the closure on all commercial crossings, by imposing total control over the flow of imports and exports.
Israeli forces have continued to impose a total ban on the delivery of raw materials to the Gaza Strip, except for very limited items and quantities. The limited quantities of raw materials allowed into Gaza do not meet the minimal needs of the civilian population of the Gaza Strip.
Israeli forces also continued to impose an almost total ban on the Gaza Strip exports, including agricultural and industrial products, except for light-weighted products such as flowers, strawberries, and spices. However, they lately allowed the exportation of some vegetables such as cucumber and tomatoes, furniture and fish.
Israel has continued to close the Beit Hanoun (“Erez”) crossing for the majority of Palestinian citizens from the Gaza Strip. Israel only allows the movement of a limited number of groups, with many hours of waiting in the majority of cases. Israel has continued to adopt a policy aimed at reducing the number of Palestinian patients allowed to move via the Beit Hanoun crossing to receive medical treatment in hospitals in Israel or in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Israel also continued applying the policy of making certain civilian traveling via the crossing interviewed by the Israeli intelligence service to be questioned, blackmailed or arrested.
West Bank
Israel has imposed a tightened closure on the West Bank. During the reporting period, Israeli forces imposed additional restrictions on the movement of Palestinian civilians:
Hebron: Israeli forces established 11 checkpoints all over the city. On Thursday, 28 May 2015, Israeli forces established 2 checkpoints at the entrance of al-‘Aroyub refugee camp, north of Hebron, and at the entrance of al-Tabaqah village, south of Duram southwest of Hebron.
On Friday, 29 May 2015, Israeli forces established a checkpoint at the entrance of Karsa village, south of Dura, southwest of Hebron.
On Saturday, 30 May 2015, Israeli forces established a checkpoint at the entrance of Karsa village, south of Dura, southwest of Hebron.
On Monday, 01 June 2015, Israeli forces established a checkpoint at the entrance of Beit Ummar village, north of Hebron.
On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, Israeli forces established 3 checkpoints at the entrances of al-‘Aroub refugee camp, north of Hebron; al-Samou’a village, south of the city; and Beit ‘Awa village, southwest of the city. The israeli forces handed Ahmed Khalil Abu Hasem (46) from Beit Ummar village, north of Hebron, a summons to refer to the israeli Intelligence in ‘Gosh ‘Etzion’ settlement, south of Bethlehem, after stopping his car at the checkpoint established at al-‘Aroub entrance.
On Wednesday, 03 June 2015, Israeli forces established 3 checkpoints at the entrances of Sa’ir village, east of Hebron; al-Fawar refugee camp, south of the city and Taramah village, southeast of the city.
Ramallah: Israeli forces established 7 checkpoints all over the city. On Thursday, 28 May 2015, Israeli forces established 2 checkpoints at the entrance of ‘Aboud village, northwest of Ramallah and at the entrance of Termes’aya village, north of the city.
On Friday, 29 May 2015, Israeli forces established 3 checkpoints at southern entrance of al-Nabi Saleh village, northeast of Ramallah; under the bridge of Yabrud village, northeast of the city; and at the entrance of Na’ilin village, west of the city.
On Saturday, 30 May 2015, Israeli forces established 2 checkpoints at the entrance of Deir Abu Mesh’al village, northwest of Ramallah, and the entrance of Qebia village, west of the city.
Qalqilya: Israeli forces 5 checkpoints all over the city. On Thursday, 28 May 2015, Israeli forces established two checkpoints at the entrance of Kafr Qaddoum, northeast of Qalqilya, and on the road between the villages of Hajah and al-Fondq, east of the city.
On Friday, 29 May 2015, Israeli forces established a checkpoint at the entrance of Kafr Qaddoum, northeast of Qalqilya.
On Saturday, 30 May 2015, another checkpoint was established at the aforementioned village entrance.
Oat approximately 17:00 on Tuesday, 02 June 2015, israeli forces established a checkpoint on the road to the entrance of Kafr Qadoum village, northeast of Qalqilya. On Wednesday, 03 June 2015, they established another checkpoint in the same area.
Jenin: Israeli forces have continued to impose severe restrictions on the movement of Palestinian civilians. On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, Israeli forces established a checkpoint at the entrance of Kafr Qoud village, west of Jenin.
Jericho: Israeli forces have continued to impose severe restrictions on the movement of Palestinian civilians. On Friday, 29 May 2015, Israeli forces established 2 checkpoints at the entrance of Fasayel village, north of the city, and at the southern entrance of Jericho.
Tulkarm: Israeli forces have continued to impose severe restrictions on the movement of Palestinian civilians. On Thursday, 28 May 2015, Israeli forces stationed at ‘Annab military checkpoint which is established on the road between Tulkarm and Nablus, east of the city, tightened their restrictions against civilians and obstructed their movement. The tightening recurred at the aforementioned checkpoint at approximately 14:30 on Saturday, 30 May 2015 and at approximately 22:30 on the aforementioned Saturday and at approximately 12:00 on Sunday, 31 May 2015.
On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, Israeli forces established a checkpoint on the main road between Tulkarm and Nablus near the intersection of Beit Leed village, east of Tulkarm.
Note: all the aforementioned checkpoints were later removed, and no arrests were reported.
Efforts to create a Jewish majority:
House demolitions
On Tuesday, 02 June 2015, bulldozers of the Israeli municipality in East Jerusalem demolished 2 under-construction houses in al-Helwa valley neighbourhood in Silwan village, south of the old city, under the pretext of non-licensing.
Nidal Abu Khaled, the owner of the 2 houses, said to a PCHR fieldworker that at approximately 04:30 on Tuesday, 01 June 2015, Israeli special forces and police officers accompanied by the municipality vehicles raided a number of houses belonging to his family. They surrounded the area and started demolishing the 2 houses. When a number of his family members tried to stop them, Israeli officers beat them and sprayed pepper spray over them. As a result, Hashem Abu Khaled (22) sustained wounds to the face and head, was arrested and taken for medical treatment; Nour al-Din Abu Khaled (22) sustained wounds to the face; Ezz al-Din Abu Khaled (24) sustained wounds and bruises to the eye; and Fatima Abu Khaled (70) suffered tear gas inhalation.
Abu Khaled added that his family started building the 2 houses in November 2014, during which Israeli Antiquities Authority ordered them to stop construction. Moreover, the Israeli municipality issued a decision to stop building and demolish what was built. The family could stop the demolition order several times, but Israeli municipality bulldozers demolished the 2 houses on that day.
At approximately 06:00, on the same day, Israeli municipality demolished a part of a house belonging to the family of Rafiq Ahmed al-Salayma on Saladin Street in East Jerusalem, under the pretext of non-licensing. Jaber Salayma, his cousin, said to a PCHRs fieldworker that Israeli forces had raided the house of his cousin Rafiq at approximately 06:00. They forced the house’s occupants out and obliged them to go to the above-mentioned street. He added that the house was built a long time ago, but because the family got bigger, they built another floor roofed with metal and bricks. However, the family was surprised by the municipality officers demolishing it with manual demolishing tools without prior warning. It should be noted that the house shelters 10 family members, the majority of whom are children.
Settlement activities and attacks by settlers against Palestinian civilians and property:
Israel has continued its settlement activities in the oPt, a direct violation of international humanitarian law, and Israeli settlers have continued to attack Palestinian civilians and property.
On Thursday morning, 28 May 2015, Israeli forces closed the entrance of a room in the underground floor of the Ibrahimi mosque in the center of Hebron, for security reasons. They changed the door lock and refused to give its key to mosque servants. It should be noted that the room overlooks the yard that was established by settlers near the mosque.
At approximately 13:30 on Tuesday, 02 June 2015, Israeli forces moved into Rummana village, northwest of Jenin. They deployed in Palestinian farmlands and informed farmers they had an order to bridge an artesian well and 2 agricultural rooms belonging to Fayadh Riyadh Fayad Sbaihat (35) under the pretext they were not licensed. An Israeli bulldozer demolished the well and rooms under Israeli forces’ protection. They withdrew from the area and no more incidents were reported.
Settler attacks against Palestinian civilians and their property
On Sunday midnight, 31 May 2015, a number of settlers threw stones at a house belonging to Emad Awni Abu Shmaisa (35) in Tal al-Rumaida neighbourhood in Hebron. They also set fire around the house, as a result, some stuffs belonging to family were burnt, but no casualties were reported. It should be noted that Abu Shmaisa family has been always attacked by settlers. The last attack was when a toxic substance put in the water tanks on the roof of the house.
At approximately 23:30 on Tuesday, 02 June 2015, a settler in a mini truck threw stones at a Palestinian civilian vehicle. As a result, the windshield was broken and the back of the car sustained damage. The vehicle belongs to Mojahed Sulaiman Dawabsha (28), a veterinarian from Doma village, southeast of Nablus.
Recommendations to the International Community:
PCHR emphasizes the international community’s position that the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, are still under Israeli occupation, in spite of Israeli military redeployment outside the Gaza Strip in 2005. PCHR further confirms that Israeli forces continued to impose collective punishment measures on the Gaza Strip, which have escalated since the 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections, in which Hamas won the majority of seats of the Palestinian Legislative Council. PCHR stresses that there is international recognition of Israel’s obligation to respect international human rights instruments and the international humanitarian law, especially the Hague Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land and the Geneva Conventions. Israel is bound to apply the international human rights law and the law of war sometime reciprocally and other times in parallel in a way that achieves the best protection for civilians and remedy for victims.
In light of continued arbitrary measures, land confiscation and settlement activities in the West Bank, and the continued aggression against civilians in the Gaza Strip, PCHR calls upon the international community, especially the United Nations, the High Contracting Parties to the Geneva Convention and the European Union – in the context of their natural obligation to respect and enforce the international law – to cooperate and act according to the following recommendations:
1. PCHR calls upon the international community and the United Nations to use all available means to allow the Palestinian people to enjoy their right to self-determination, through the establishment of the Palestinian State, which was recognized by the UN General Assembly with a vast majority, using all international legal mechanisms, including sanctions to end the occupation of the State of Palestine;
2. PCHR calls upon the United Nations to provide international protection to Palestinians in the oPt, and to ensure the non-recurrence of aggression against the oPt, especially the Gaza Strip;
3. PCHR calls upon the High Contracting Parties to the Geneva Conventions to compel Israel, as a High Contracting Party to the Conventions, to apply the Conventions in the oPt;
4. PCHR calls upon the Parties to international human rights instruments, especially the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, to pressurize Israel to comply with their provisions in the oPt, and to compel it to incorporate the human rights situation in the oPt in its reports submitted to the concerned committees;
5. PCHR calls upon the High Contracting Parties to the Geneva Conventions to fulfil their obligation to ensure the application of the Conventions, including extending the scope of their jurisdiction in order to prosecute suspected war criminals, regardless of the nationality of the perpetrator and the place of a crime, to pave the way for prosecuting suspected Israeli war criminals and end the longstanding impunity they have enjoyed;
6. PCHR calls on States that apply the principle of universal jurisdiction not to surrender to Israeli pressure to limit universal jurisdiction to perpetuate the impunity enjoyed by suspected Israeli war criminals;
7. PCHR calls upon the international community to act in order to stop all Israeli settlement expansion activities in the oPt through imposing sanctions on Israeli settlements and criminalizing trading with them;
8. PCHR calls upon the UN General Assembly to transfer the Goldstone Report to the UN Security Council in order to refer it to the International Criminal Court in accordance with Article 13(b) of the Rome Statute;
9. PCHR calls upon the United Nations to confirm that holding war criminals in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is a precondition to achieve stability and peace in the regions, and that peace cannot be built on the expense of human rights;
10. PCHR calls upon the UN General Assembly and Human Rights Council to explicitly declare that the Israeli closure policy in Gaza and the annexation wall in the West Bank are illegal, and accordingly refer the two issues to the UN Security Council to impose sanctions on Israel to compel it to remove them;
11. PCHR calls upon the international community, in light of its failure to the stop the aggression on the Palestinian people, to at least fulfil its obligation to reconstruct the Gaza Strip after the series of hostilities launched by Israel which directly targeted the civilian infrastructure;
12. PCHR calls upon the United Nations and the European Union to express a clear position towards the annexation wall following the international recognition of the State of Palestine on the 1967 borders, as the annexation wall seizes large parts of the State of Palestine;
13. PCHR calls upon the European Union to activate Article 2 of the EU-Israel Association Agreement, which provides that both sides must respect human rights as a precondition for economic cooperation between the EU states and Israel, and the EU must not ignore Israeli violations and crimes against Palestinian civilians;
Full, detailed document, including info on patrols and border crossings available at the official PCHR website.
